Earthquakes happen when there is a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust due to the movement and collision of tectonic plates. This energy release creates seismic waves that shake the ground.
The Earth’s outer layer is divided into large sections called tectonic plates, which are constantly moving very slowly. At their boundaries, these plates can get stuck due to friction. Over time, stress builds up in the rocks until it becomes too strong, causing them to suddenly break or slip. This sudden movement releases energy in the form of seismic waves, which we feel as an earthquake.
The point where the earthquake actually starts inside the Earth is called the focus (hypocenter), while the point directly above it on the Earth’s surface is called the epicenter, where the shaking is usually strongest.
A strong scientific insight is that “most earthquakes occur along fault lines where tectonic plates interact, making these regions highly active seismic zones.” This is why countries located on plate boundaries experience frequent earthquakes.
Earthquakes can also be triggered by volcanic activity or human actions like mining and reservoir filling, but tectonic plate movement is the primary cause worldwide.
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