Carbonation is a natural by-product of the chemical process known as carbon dioxide dissolution. This process occurs when one or more substances containing carbonate ion come into contact with a solution rich in CO2.
The negative aspects of this reaction are that it causes damage to things such as concrete and masonry structures, which can lead to the formation of unwanted cracks and cause long-term damage if left unchecked.
The main cause of carbonation in concrete is the use of de-icing salts in concrete during construction, which creates a salt residue known as efflorescence. Efflorescence is a white powdery substance that appears on concrete and masonry structures due to the water that naturally comes into contact with these materials.
When this water comes into contact with the salt residue left behind from de-icing salts, it forms carbonic acid, which leads to the formation of carbonate.
In order to prevent future damage by carbonation, it is important to cover exposed masonry surfaces with a sealer or waterproof coating designed for concrete. These sealers and coatings will help resist water penetration and protect masonry from further deterioration.
