When we want to encrypt and decrypt messages, we often use the same (symmetric) key for both operations. This is called symmetric encryption. Symmetric encryption is fast and easy to implement, which makes it the most commonly used method for protecting electronic transmissions.
But there are some drawbacks to using symmetric cryptographic encryption, one of which being that if the key ever becomes known it can be used by anyone with access to it.
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Also Read- What is authentication and authorization?