A home loan is taken specifically to buy, construct or renovate a residential property. The funds are strictly used for housing-related needs, and lenders usually offer lower interest rates and longer tenures. Since the end use is defined, home loans come with structured repayment plans.
A mortgage loan is a broader term. It simply means a loan secured by property. This category includes both home loans and loans against property. In simple terms, whenever you pledge a property as security, it is called a mortgage loan.
A loan against property is used when you already own a property and want to raise funds for purposes other than buying a home. It can be used for business expansion, education, medical expenses or debt consolidation. Interest rates are slightly higher than home loan rates but lower than personal loan rates, and the usage is flexible.