The amount of substance in a structure (atoms, for example) determines its mass; more mass indicates more inertia, because there is more to move. (This is Isaac Newton's concept of mass, which he developed in the 19th 1600s and is the foundation of his famous conservation of momentum.) It's not entirely accurate at really high speeds, when Albert Einstein's 20th-century theory of special relativity is necessary, but it's fine in most instances.)
The quantity of descending force exerted by gravity force is measured by its weight. The strength of gravity's pull rises with the mass of the object: the more inertia it has, the stronger it pulls. Gravity is 9.8 newtons per kilogramme on Planet's surface.

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