If you've ever wondered where vanilla flavouring comes from, wonder no more! Vanilla flavouring is a combination of vanilla beans and a form of alcohol called ethyl vanillin. Vanilla extract or pure vanilla powder contains ethyl vanillin too. Vanilla extract is made by soaking the beans in a solution of water and alcohol at room temperature for about three weeks. Ethylvanillin is then extracted from this solution using an entrepre ee, such as vodka or gin. The flavourless bean extract would then be combined with sugar to add its distinctive sweet-woody taste before being bottled and sold to consumers around the world.
Vanilla flavouring is made by using vanilla pods, which have to be cured in different types of alcohol for three months. The alcohol distills the 'essence' of the bean.
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Vanilla is very expensive - on average it costs 80 US cents per pound - so companies are often able to buy it in bulk on the international market at a lower price. For example, Madagascar supplies about 70% of vanilla beans on the world market while Papua New Guinea supplies about 30%.
There are over 100 species of vanilla plants that produce fruits that are either black or golden brown in colour. Most commercial vanillas contain two or more species. The most important of the varieties is the Mexican type which has a strong, natural and "smokey" flavour. Madagascar Bourbon vanilla beans are considered to be the best in terms of quality and taste because they contain more vanillin, a compound that contributes to vanilla's flavour.
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Vanilla beans are made up of about 20% sugar, 8% protein and 2% oil. The remaining 60% is water, which is lost during curing. This makes it risky for companies to buy vanilla beans on credit or on consignment because they can easily get stuck with a bad batch and lose money if the fruit rots before it can be sold or processed into flavouring.
Essence is the 'essence'; the natural flavour of an item. This includes all natural flavours, vegetal, vegetal fruit flavour compounds and chemical flavour compounds. It also includes plant extracts, which are not flavouring compounds but are found in plants which contribute to flavours - e.g. chlorophyll may be used to determine whether a food has been treated with chemicals.
Curing alcohol is often done at temperatures between 68-70 degrees Celsius, although it may be done at higher temperatures for longer periods of time.
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